Obstetric emergencies involve urgent complications occurring during pregnancy, labor, or postpartum period that pose risks to both mother and fetus. Rapid recognition and intervention are critical to prevent maternal morbidity, fetal distress, or life-threatening complications.

Common obstetric emergencies include severe bleeding, preeclampsia, eclampsia, preterm labor, placental abruption, ectopic pregnancy rupture, and postpartum hemorrhage. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, severe headache, visual disturbances, or decreased fetal movement require immediate evaluation.

Emergency assessment includes stabilization of airway, breathing, and circulation, along with obstetric evaluation. Blood pressure monitoring is essential in suspected hypertensive disorders. Fetal heart rate monitoring evaluates fetal well-being. Intravenous access allows rapid fluid administration when needed.

Diagnostic evaluation may involve ultrasound imaging, laboratory tests, and continuous maternal-fetal monitoring. In cases of heavy bleeding, rapid transfusion protocols may be activated. Severe hypertension requires controlled reduction under monitoring.

Management depends on diagnosis and gestational age. Some cases require emergency delivery or surgical intervention. Multidisciplinary coordination between emergency, obstetrics, anesthesia, and neonatology teams ensures optimal care.

Close monitoring continues throughout stabilization and intervention. Early detection of maternal shock or fetal distress significantly improves survival outcomes.

Structured obstetric emergency protocols emphasize rapid response, maternal stabilization, fetal monitoring, and timely specialist involvement to protect both lives.